History of Networking
A packet-switched network is a digital system that sends data by dividing it into small packets, which travel through various network nodes and are reassembled at the destination.
Packet switching is the foundation of modern data communication — breaking messages into packets that travel independently across the network and reassemble at the destination. It’s flexible, efficient, and fault-tolerant — key reasons it replaced older circuit-switched systems
This method, called store-and-forward, improves efficiency and reliability.
The concept was developed independently by Paul Baran and Donald Davies in the early 1960s, and its first real implementation was ARPANET, created in the late 1960s under Larry Roberts with contributions from Leonard Kleinrock. ARPANET became the foundation of the modern internet.
TCP is the component that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP is responsible for making sure the packets are sent to the right destination.
TCP/IP was developed in the 1970s and adopted as the protocol standard for ARPANET (the predecessor to the Internet) in 1983 Robert E. Kahn.
Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf created the architecture for the Internet and collaborated on the design of software known as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP that implements the architecture.
The TCP/IP protocol suite (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is the foundation of the modern Internet. It defines how data is packaged, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received across networks — making global communication possible.
TCP/IP provided a common language that allowed all computers — regardless of hardware or operating system — to communicate.
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